Cutting-Edge of Current Research and Clinical Activity for COPD in China
　

【Abstract】
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）leads to high disease burden in China, but needs further prevention and management. In recent years, Chinese experts has gained important progress in research and clinical work of COPD, including disease burden survey, risk factors analysis, phenotype research and drug treatment. This review summarized these progresses in recent years.

【Key words】
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, disease burden, phenotype, treatment

Cutting-Edge of Current Research and Clinical Activity for Pulmonary Hypertension in China
　

【Abstract】
In the past 10 years, pulmonary hypertension research in China has made great progresse. With the in-depth research on its pathogenesis and the development of guidelines, the treatment behavior of Chinese clinicians has been standardized, and the clinical treatment of pulmonary hypertension in China has been improved, which thereby significantly improving the prognosis of Chinese pulmonary hypertension patients, and survival rate almost reaches the level of developed countries. This article will summarize the current situation of research and clinical treatment for pulmonary hypertension in China.

【Key words】
pulmonary hypertension, treatment, research

Cutting-Edge of Current Research and Clinical Activity for COPD in Japan
　

【Abstract】
We introduce three relevant topics from our studies in the diagnosis and treatment of COPD. First, heme oxygenase-1, an inducible protein activated in systemic infl ammatory conditions by oxidant stress, shows efficacy as a serum biomarker for predicting the risk of developing COPD. Second, our systematic review of the clinical trials comparing LAMA/LABA and ICS/LABA to prevent COPD exacerbation is essential for understanding the positioning of ICS. Last, clarithromycin （CAM）suppression of the IL-13-induced MUC5AC expression pathway demonstrates the mechanism by which CAM reduces airway hypersecretion in COPD patients.

【Key words】
heme oxygenase-1, LAMA/LABA, ICS/LABA, MAC5AC, macrolide antibiotics, clarithromycin

Cutting-Edge of Current Research and Clinical Activity for Pulmonary Hypertension in Japan
　

【Abstract】
Recent advances on the treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension are remarkable. Results of translational researches from Japan indicate the novel mechanism of disease progression. High dose epoprostenol and balloon pulmonary angioplasty established in Japan are becoming the new standard therapy in global. Previous basic and clinical researches from Japan contribute to the development of therapeutic strategy for those pulmonary hypertension.

【Key words】
pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension with chronic lung disease, epoprostenol, balloon pulmonary angioplasty